# NAME Business::PayPal::API - PayPal SOAP API client with sandbox support # VERSION version 0.75 # SYNOPSIS use Business::PayPal::API qw( ExpressCheckout GetTransactionDetails ); ## certificate authentication my $pp = Business::PayPal::API->new( Username => 'my_api1.domain.tld', Password => 'this_is_my_password', PKCS12File => '/path/to/cert.pkcs12', PKCS12Password => '(pkcs12 password)', sandbox => 1, ); ## PEM cert authentication my $pp = Business::PayPal::API->new( Username => 'my_api1.domain.tld', Password => 'this_is_my_password', CertFile => '/path/to/cert.pem', KeyFile => '/path/to/cert.pem', sandbox => 1, ); ## 3-token (Signature) authentication my $pp = Business::PayPal::API->new( Username => 'my_api1.domain.tld', Password => 'Xdkis9k3jDFk39fj29sD9', ## supplied by PayPal Signature => 'f7d03YCpEjIF3s9Dk23F2V1C1vbYYR3ALqc7jm0UrCcYm-3ksdiDwjfSeii', ## ditto sandbox => 1, ); my %response = $pp->SetExpressCheckout( ... ); # DESCRIPTION **Business::PayPal::API** supports both certificate authentication and the new 3-token "Signature" authentication. It also supports PayPal's development _sandbox_ for testing. See the **sandbox** parameter to **new()** below for details. **Business::PayPal::API** can import other **API** derived classes: use Business::PayPal::API qw( RefundTransaction ); This allows for much more concise and intuitive usage. For example, these two statements are equivalent: use Business::PayPal::API::RefundTransaction; my $pp = Business::PayPal::API::RefundTransaction->new( ... ); $pp->RefundTransaction( ... ); and more concisely: use Business::PayPal::API qw( RefundTransaction ); my $pp = Business::PayPal::API->new( ... ); $pp->RefundTransaction( ... ); The advantage of this becomes clear when you need to use multiple API calls in your program; this allows you to use the same object to invoke the various methods, instead of creating a new object for each subclass. Here is an example of a **API** object used to invoke various PayPal APIs with the same object: use Business::PayPal::API qw( GetTransactionDetails TransactionSearch RefundTransaction ); my $pp = Business::PayPal::API->new( ... ); my $records = $pp->TransactionSearch( ... ); my %details = $pp->GetTransactionDetails( ... ); my %resp = $pp->RefundTransaction( ... ); However, you may certainly use just the subclass if that's all you need. Every subclass should work as its own self-contained API. For details on **Business::PayPal::API::\*** subclasses, see each subclass's individual documentation. ## new Creates a new **Business::PayPal::API** object. A note about certificate authentication: PayPal (and this module) support either PKCS#12 certificate authentication or PEM certificate authentication. See options below. - **Username** Required. This is the PayPal API username, usually in the form of 'my\_api1.mydomain.tld'. You can find or create your API credentials by logging into PayPal (if you want to do testing, as you should, you should also create a developer sandbox account) and going to: My Account -> Profile -> API Access -> Request API Credentials Please see the _PayPal API Reference_ and _PayPal Sandbox User Guide_ for details on creating a PayPal business account and sandbox account for testing. - **Password** Required. If you use certificate authentication, this is the PayPal API password created when you setup your certificate. If you use 3-token (Signature) authentication, this is the password PayPal assigned you, along with the "API User Name" and "Signature Hash". - **Subject** Optional. This is used by PayPal to authenticate 3rd party billers using your account. See the documents in ["SEE ALSO"](#see-also). - **Signature** Required for 3-token (Signature) authentication. This is the "Signature Hash" you received when you did "Request API Credentials" in your PayPal Business Account. - **PKCS12File** Required for PKCS#12 certificate authentication, unless the **HTTPS\_PKCS12\_FILE** environment variable is already set. This contains the path to your private key for PayPal authentication. It is used to set the **HTTPS\_PKCS12\_FILE** environment variable. You may set this environment variable yourself and leave this field blank. - **PKCS12Password** Required for PKCS#12 certificate authentication, unless the **HTTPS\_PKCS12\_PASSWORD** environment variable is already set. This contains the PKCS#12 password for the key specified in **PKCS12File**. It is used to set the **HTTPS\_PKCS12\_PASSWORD** environment variable. You may set this environment variable yourself and leave this field blank. - **CertFile** Required for PEM certificate authentication, unless the HTTPS\_CERT\_FILE environment variable is already set. This contains the path to your PEM format certificate given to you from PayPal (and accessible in the same location that your Username and Password and/or Signature Hash are found) and is used to set the **HTTPS\_CERT\_FILE** environment variable. You may set this environment variable yourself and leave this field blank. You may combine both certificate and private key into one file and set **CertFile** and **KeyFile** to the same path. - **KeyFile** Required for PEM certificate authentication, unless the HTTPS\_KEY\_FILE environment variable is already set. This contains the path to your PEM format private key given to you from PayPal (and accessible in the same location that your Username and Password and/or Signature Hash are found) and is used to set the **HTTPS\_KEY\_FILE** environment variable. You may set this environment variable yourself and leave this field blank. You may combine both certificate and private key into one file and set **CertFile** and **KeyFile** to the same path. - **sandbox** Required. If set to true (default), **Business::PayPal::API** will connect to PayPal's development sandbox, instead of PayPal's live site. \*You must explicitly set this to false (0) to access PayPal's live site\*. If you use PayPal's development sandbox for testing, you must have already signed up as a PayPal developer and created a Business sandbox account and a Buyer sandbox account (and make sure both of them have **Verified** status in the sandbox). When testing with the sandbox, you will use different usernames, passwords, and certificates (if using certificate authentication) than you will when accessing PayPal's live site. Please see the PayPal documentation for details. See ["SEE ALSO"](#see-also) for references. PayPal's sandbox reference: [https://www.paypal.com/IntegrationCenter/ic\_sandbox.html](https://www.paypal.com/IntegrationCenter/ic_sandbox.html) - **proxy\_url** Optional. When set, the proxy at the specified URL will be used for outbound connections. - **timeout** Optional. Set the timeout in seconds. Defaults to 30 seconds. # NAME Business::PayPal::API - PayPal API # ERROR HANDLING Every API call should return an **Ack** response, whether _Success_, _Failure_, or otherwise (depending on the API call). If it returns any non-success value, you can find an _Errors_ entry in your return hash, whose value is an arrayref of hashrefs: [ { ErrorCode => 10002, LongMessage => "Invalid security header" }, { ErrorCode => 10030, LongMessage => "Some other error" }, ] You can retrieve these errors like this: %response = $pp->doSomeAPICall(); if( $response{Ack} ne 'Success' ) { for my $err ( @{$response{Errors}} ) { warn "Error: " . $err->{LongMessage} . "\n"; } } # TESTING Testing the **Business::PayPal::API::\*** modules requires that you create a file containing your PayPal Developer Sandbox authentication credentials (e.g., API certificate authentication or 3-Token authentication signature, etc.) and setting the **WPP\_TEST** environment variable to point to this file. The format for this file is as follows: Username = your_api.username.com Password = your_api_password and then ONE of the following options: a) supply 3-token authentication signature Signature = xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx b) supply PEM certificate credentials CertFile = /path/to/cert_key_pem.txt KeyFile = /path/to/cert_key_pem.txt c) supply PKCS#12 certificate credentials PKCS12File = /path/to/cert.p12 PKCS12Password = pkcs12_password You may also set the appropriate HTTPS\_\* environment variables for b) and c) above (e.g., HTTPS\_CERT\_FILE, HTTPS\_KEY\_FILE, HTTPS\_PKCS12\_File, HTTPS\_PKCS12\_PASSWORD) in lieu of putting this information in a file. Then use "WPP\_TEST=my\_auth.txt make test" (for Bourne shell derivates) or "setenv WPP\_TEST my\_auth.txt && make test" (for C-shell derivates). See 'auth.sample.\*' files in this package for an example of the file format. Variables are case-\*sensitive\*. Any of the following variables are recognized: Username Password Signature Subject CertFile KeyFile PKCS12File PKCS12Password BuyerEmail Note: PayPal authentication may _fail_ if you set the certificate environment variables and attempt to connect using 3-token authentication (i.e., PayPal will use the first authentication credentials presented to it, and if they fail, the connection is aborted). # TROUBLESHOOTING ## PayPal Authentication Errors If you are experiencing PayPal authentication errors (e.g., "Security header is not valid", "SSL negotiation failed", etc.), you should make sure: * your username and password match those found in your PayPal Business account sandbox (this is not the same as your regular account). * you're not trying to use your live username and password for sandbox testing and vice versa. * you are using a US Business Sandbox account, you may also need to have "PayPal Payments Pro" enabled. * if the sandbox works but "live" does not, make sure you've turned off the 'sandbox' parameter correctly. Otherwise you'll be passing your PayPal sandbox credentials to PayPal's live site (which won't work). * if you use certificate authentication, your certificate must be the correct one (live or sandbox) depending on what you're doing. * if you use 3-Token authentication (i.e., Signature), you don't have any B parameters or B or B parameters in your constructor AND that none of the corresponding B environment variables are set. PayPal prefers certificate authentication since it occurs at connection time; if it fails, it will not try Signature authentication. Try clearing your environment: ## delete all HTTPS, SSL env delete $ENV{$_} for grep { /^(HTTPS|SSL)/ } keys %ENV; ## now put our own HTTPS env back in $ENV{HTTPS_CERT_FILE} = '/var/path/to/cert.pem'; ## create our paypal object my $pp = Business::PayPal::API->new(...) * if you have already loaded Net::SSLeay (or IO::Socket::SSL), then Net::HTTPS will prefer to use IO::Socket::SSL. I don't know how to get SOAP::Lite to work with IO::Socket::SSL (e.g., Crypt::SSLeay uses HTTPS_* environment variables), so until then, you can use this hack: local $IO::Socket::SSL::VERSION = undef; $pp->DoExpressCheckoutPayment(...); This will tell Net::HTTPS to ignore the fact that IO::Socket::SSL is already loaded for this scope and import Net::SSL (part of the Crypt::SSLeay package) for its 'configure()' method. * if you receive a message like "500 Can't connect to api.sandbox.paypal.com:443 (Illegal seek)", you'll need to make sure you have Crypt::SSLeay installed. It seems that other crypto modules don't do the certificate authentication quite as well, and LWP needs this to negotiate the SSL connection with PayPal. See the DEBUGGING section below for further hints. ## PayPal Munging URLs PayPal seems to be munging my URLs when it returns. SOAP::Lite follows the XML specification carefully, and encodes '&' and '<' characters before applying them to the SOAP document. PayPal does not properly URL-decode HTML entities '&amp;' and '&lt;' on the way back, so if you have an ampersand in your ReturnURL (for example), your customers will be redirected here: http://domain.tld/prog?arg1=foo&arg2=bar instead of here: http://domain.tld/prog?arg1=foo&arg2=bar Solution: Use CDATA tags to wrap your request: ReturnURL => '' You may also use semicolons instead of ampersands to separate your URL arguments: ReturnURL => 'http://domain.tld/prog?arg1=foo;arg2=bar' (thanks to Ollie Ready) # DEBUGGING You can see the raw SOAP XML sent and received by **Business::PayPal::API** by setting its **$Debug** variable: $Business::PayPal::API::Debug = 1; $pp->SetExpressCheckout( %args ); this will print the XML being sent, and dump a Perl data structure of the SOM received on STDERR (so check your error\_log if running inside a web server). If anyone knows how to turn a SOAP::SOM object into XML without setting **outputxml()**, let me know. # DEVELOPMENT If you are a developer wanting to extend **Business::PayPal::API** for other PayPal API calls, you can review any of the included modules (e.g., `RefundTransaction.pm` or `ExpressCheckout.pm`) for examples on how to do this until I have more time to write a more complete document. But in a nutshell: package Business::PayPal::API::SomeAPI; use 5.008001; use strict; use warnings; use SOAP::Lite 0.67; use Business::PayPal::API (); our @ISA = qw(Business::PayPal::API); our @EXPORT_OK = qw( SomeAPIMethod ); sub SomeAPIMethod { ... } Notice the **@EXPORT\_OK** variable. This is _not_ used by **Exporter** (we don't load Exporter at all): it is a special variable used by **Business::PayPal::API** to know which methods to import when **Business::PayPal::API** is run like this: use Business::PayPal::API qw( SomeAPI ); That is, **Business::PayPal::API** will import any subroutine into its own namespace from the **@EXPORT\_OK** array. Now it can be used like this: use Business::PayPal::API qw( SomeAPI ); my $pp = Business::PayPal::API->new( ... ); $pp->SomeAPIMethod( ... ); Of course, we also do a 'use Business::PayPal::API' in the module so that it can be used as a standalone module, if necessary: use Business::PayPal::API::SomeAPI; my $pp = Business::PayPal::API::SomeAPI->new( ... ); ## same args as superclass $pp->SomeAPIMethod( ... ); Adding the **@EXPORT\_OK** array in your module allows your module to be used in the most convenient way for the given circumstances. # EXAMPLES Andy Spiegl has kindly donated some example code (in German) for the ExpressCheckout API which may be found in the `eg` directory of this archive. Additional code examples for other APIs may be found in the `t` test directory. # EXPORT None by default. # CAVEATS Because I haven't figured out how to make SOAP::Lite read the WSDL definitions directly and simply implement those (help, anyone?), I have essentially recreated all of those WSDL structures internally in this module. (Note - 6 Oct 2006: SOAP::Lite's WSDL support is moving ahead, but slowly. The methods used by this API are considered "best practice" and are safe to use). As with all web services, if PayPal stop supporting their API endpoint, this module \*may stop working\*. You can help me keep this module up-to-date if you notice such an event occurring. Also, I didn't implement a big fat class hierarchy to make this module "academically" correct. You'll notice that I fudged colliding parameter names in **DoExpressCheckoutPayment** and similar fudging may be found in **GetTransactionDetails**. The good news is that this was written quickly, works, and is dead-simple to use. The bad news is that this sort of collision might occur again as more and more data is sent in the API (call it 'eBay API bloat'). I'm willing to take the risk this will be rare (PayPal--please make it rare!). # ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Wherein I acknowledge all the good folks who have contributed to this module in some way: - Daniel P. Hembree for authoring the AuthorizationRequest, CaptureRequest, DirectPayments, ReauthorizationRequest, and VoidRequest extensions. - <jshiles at base16consulting daught com> for finding some API typos in the ExpressCheckout API - Andy Spiegl for giving me the heads-up on PayPal's new 3-token auth URI and for a sample command-line program (found in the 'eg' directory) demonstrating the ExpressCheckout API. - Ollie Ready <oready at drjays daught com> for the heads-up on the newest 3-token auth URI as well as a pile of documentation inconsistencies. - Michael Hendricks <michael at ndrix daught org> for a patch that adds ShippingTotal to the DirectPayments module. - Erik Aronesty, Drew Simpson via rt.cpan.org (#28596) for a patch to fix getFields() when multiple items are returned - Sebastian Böhm via email, SDC via rt.cpan.org (#38915) for a heads-up that the PayPal documentation for MassPay API was wrong regarding the _UniqueId_ parameter. - Jonathon Wright via email for patches for **ExpressCheckout** and **RecurringPayments** that implement _BillingAgreement_ and _DoReferenceTransaction_ API calls. # SEE ALSO [SOAP::Lite](https://metacpan.org/pod/SOAP::Lite), [PayPal User Guide](https://developer.paypal.com/webapps/developer/docs/classic/products), [PayPal API Reference](https://developer.paypal.com/webapps/developer/docs/api/overview) # AUTHORS - Scott Wiersdorf - Danny Hembree - Bradley M. Kuhn # COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE This software is copyright (c) 2006-2017 by Scott Wiersdorf, Danny Hembree, Bradley M. Kuhn. This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself. # POD ERRORS Hey! **The above document had some coding errors, which are explained below:** - Around line 205: '=item' outside of any '=over' - Around line 214: You forgot a '=back' before '=head1'